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I admit I am a bit of a camera nerd however I cannot stress the importance of the learning how to interpret the histogram on your digital SLR camera.

First of all, what is a histogram? This is the time to look in your camera manual and find out which controls you need to use to see it in action. Once you do this you should be able to see it after each exposure you take. Basically it is a graph that showing the distribution of the images brightness level and the brightness level of each primary color - red, green and blue.

Let's talk about the two different types of histograms:

1) Brightness display shows the exposure level distribution, overall brightness and gradation.

The horizontal axis indicates the brightness level (darker on the left and brighter on the right) while the vertical axis indicates how many pixels exist for each brightness level. The horizontal axis represents 256 shades of gray from pure black (0) on the left to pure white (256) on the right. So the darker the image the more spikes you will have on the left and the brighter the image the more spikes you will have on the right. If the spike is too far to the left you will not have any details in the shadows and if the spikes are too far to the right you may not have detail in the highlights. This is called clipping and when you lose detail, you lose pixels which cannot sometimes be recovered. This is why I check the histogram, at least the first couple images, to see if I need to adjust my exposure.

2) RGB display shows color saturation of red, green and blue and gradation.

The horizontal and vertical axis work the same way but relate to the density of the colors. So for example, the more pixels there are to the left, the darker and less prominent the color will be and the more pixels to the right the brighter and denser the color. If the histogram shows alot of spikes on the left the respective color information could be lacking detail. If there are alot of spikes on the right, the color information could be too saturated and lacking detail.

Don't worry if you don't understand yet. Here is the plain English

Your digital camera can only capture 256 shades of gray from pure black to pure white. Mid-gray (and all middle tones) are in the middle. Remember black is to the left and has a value of 0 and white is to the right and has a value of 256. Mid grays have a value of 128 or so.

You should only be concerned with the right and left sides for these are the areas we have control over. I rarely check the RGB histogram as I am mainly concerned about over-exposing or under-exposing an image.

So you should be checking the brightness level histogram for clipping on the right of left side. What is clipping? Great question. Clipping is when the spike extends beyond the horizontal axis on the left or right sides. If it extends beyond the left side you are under-exposing your image and will lose detail in the shadows. If it extends beyond the right side you will lost detail in the highlights. If you lose detail you have lost pixels that cannot be recovered. (you can shoot in raw and recover some lost pixels, but that's another article).

So what do you do if you notice the clipping. You want to make sure your subject is exposed properly. If you lose detail in the background (maybe it doesn't have any detail) you are okay. However if lose detail (pixels) in your subject you will need to make an adjustment with your exposure and open up an f-stop for a spike off the left side and close down an f-stop for a spike to the right. Here is an example:

You are shooting in AV mode and your aperture is set to f/8. You notice a spike off the left side, you would reset your aperture to f/5.6 to open up one stop. Re-shoot the image and check your histogram and readjust if necessary. If you notice the spike to the right you would reset your aperture to f/11.

I hope that all makes sense. You can experiment with different backgrounds and learn how to read your histogram on your own digital SLR camera.

Mary Buck is a Professional Photographer and Photography Instructor in Duluth, GA. She is author of an E-book and online course , "Take Creative Control of Your SLR Camera." The course is now offered online at: http://www.online-digital-photography-course.com Her website offers free photography tips, reviews of digital SLR cameras and advice on how to start a photography business. Her work can be viewed at http://www.lightscapesphoto.com She owns and operates a portrait studio in Duluth.

What Makes Canon and Nikon the Most Prominent Brands in Photography

Although the traditional and digital photography equipment marketplaces are crowded with prominent, well-known companies, there are two brands that have stood out for decades: Canon and Nikon. But what is it about these big corporations that keep them at the forefront of their industry year after year, and even decade after decade?

Technological Advancements in Photography

From black and white processing, right on through to the age of digital photography, Canon and Nikon have always pushed the envelope in terms of their technology. Both companies studied the marketplace to see what was working and what was not. The used smaller photography companies as their "R & D" department and then refined and improved upon these advances.

A Wide Variety of Price Points

Nikon cameras and Canon cameras are both available at a wide variety of price points. This helps build brand loyalty as many individuals will start with a basic camera sold at a low price, and then through the years move up to more advanced photography equipment - staying loyal to their favorite brand throughout. It is not uncommon among photography nuts to have them declare themselves a "Nikon guy" or "Canon girl" as a means of expressing their brand loyalty.

Smart Marketing Campaigns with Broad Appeal

Canon and Nikon both understand the power of a smart, coercive advertising campaign. Both have introduced ads that have compelled individuals to spend their hard earned cash on a camera upgrade. Canon's campaigns have tended to focus on celebrities such as Andre Agassi, while Nikon has taken a more humanistic approach not unlike Kodak and their emphasis on capturing the most special moments in life.

Canon and Nikon Cameras are Great Products

There are no "smoke and mirrors" when it comes to the success of Canon and Nikon. Both camera companies release products that are well-designed and built to last. Visit any of the gadget review sites on the Internet and you'll find their products perennially receiving top four-star or five-star ratings. A reputation is not built on brand name alone - you have to deliver the goods to consumers year in and year out.

What does the Future Hold for Canon and Nikon?

Although both these corporate powerhouses may have come late to the digital photography game, they are certainly making up for lost time. Canon and Nikon both have full lines of quality digital cameras, as well as hybrids that offer both digital and film-based picture taking in the same unit. The latter is geared towards a more serious audience - both professionals and advanced hobbyists who want to pursue a more hands-on approach with professional photography equipment.

The Best Place to Buy Canon and Nikon Cameras

If you want to pay retail for your new camera, then head down to the mall. But if you want to save big money, and have your camera equipment delivered right to your door, then shop online. Online digital camera stores offer great selection and some of the best prices around (thanks to their lack of overhead).

About the Author

www.photo4less.com can answer all of your photography needs, if it's a new camera, bigger lens, flashes, filters, and even dark room equipment - we are fully stocked and ready to deliver your purchase.

I have a Nikon Coolpix p90, how can i make the photos black and white or sepia?

Id really like to make my photos black and white without the computer. is there a setting i can use to make my photos black and white?

Download the owner's manual http://support.nikontech.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/16309/p/1%2C791/c/187/r_id/116678

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