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There are two internal workings of the grandfather clock that I would like to discuss today, the pendulum and escapement mechanisms. These are integral to the clocks functionality and activate the beautiful chimes we hear in our homes. 

As I have discussed in another article, some of the earlier long case clocks had a pendulum arch of 100 degrees. Long pendulums with such wide swings were in large open clocks usually outside. With the invention and use of the anchor escapement mechanism, the pendulum clock was able to reduce the pendulum swing radius to 4 to 6 degrees. The introduction of the long case or grandfather clock is due to the invention of the anchor escapement mechanism. 

 

(An escapement is the mechanism in a mechanical clock that maintains the swing of the pendulum and advances the clock's wheels with each swing. An anchor escapement is a type of escapement used in pendulum clocks.)

 

Most of these clocks had short pendulums to be contained within a case. As advances were made in escapement mechanisms, clockmakers were able to use longer pendulums, which had slower "beats," but maintained the shorter swing radius. These needed less power to keep going. They had less friction and wear in the movement, and were more accurate. 

 

Modern grandfather clocks use a more accurate variation of the anchor escapement called the dead beat escapement. The deadbeat form of the anchor escapement was initially used only in precision clocks, but due to its superior accuracy its use spread during the 1800's to most quality pendulum clocks. Most pendulum clocks made today use it. Most of a long case clock's height is used to hold the long pendulum, weights and the two chains attached to the weights. 

 

Traditionally, long case clocks were made with one of two types of movements, the eight-day and one-day (30-hour) movements. Eight-day clocks are often driven by two weights, one driving the pendulum and the other the striking mechanism. Such movements usually have two keyholes on either side of the dial or clock face to wind each one. 

 

By contrast, 30-hour clocks often had a single weight to drive both the timekeeping and striking mechanisms. Some earlier 30-hour grandfather clocks were made with false keyholes in the clock face. This was for customers who 'wished' the guests to their home would think that the household could afford the more expensive eight-day clock. Cable clocks are wound by inserting a special crank (called a "key") into holes in the clock's face and turning it. The lack of winding holes in the dial or clock face show this to be a 30-hour clock.

 

Other long case clocks are chain-driven and have weights suspended by chains that wrap around gears in the clock's mechanism. To wind a chain-driven grandfather clock, the end of each chain is pulled downward lifting the weights. 

 

Today we also have 31 day and quartz movements in some longcase or grandfather clocks. 

 

In the early 20th century, quarter-hour chime sequences were added to long case clocks. 

 

Most long case clocks use the seconds pendulum ("Royal" pendulum). These are about 39 inches long. A seconds pendulum takes 2 seconds to make the full swing. In 1670 the seconds pendulum was employed by William Clement in his improved version of the original pendulum clock by Christian Huygens. 

 

Christian Huygens was credited with the invention of the original pendulum clock. He was a prominent Dutch mathematician born in 1629.He was also known as an astronomer, physicist, and horologist (Horology is the art and science of time.). He was also a writer of early science fiction. His work included many areas of study, including investigations and inventions related to time keeping and the pendulum clock. He was a fascinating man.

 

(An interesting factoid is that In Britain around 1855 the British 'yard' was defined as a specified fraction of the length of the seconds pendulum.)

I'm traveling the path to a new interesting and intricate hobby, Horology. I'm looking forward to learning and sharing the knowledge I gain over time. How I got started is part of my own history. There is a freedom in learning.

http://www.grandfatherclocksforhome.blogspot.com Keep up to date on my travels through the study of time keeping; Comments very welcome

http://www.grandfatherclocksforhome.com Find the Perfect Clock for Your Home. Grandfather Clock, Cuckoo-Clocks, Wall Clocks, Mantle-Clocks & Watches

Ladies Chains

One of the simple ways to make the lady beautiful is to use simple jewelry like ladies chain. It upholds the saying that “ the simple is the beautiful”. Although there are more and multiple options to ornate the equivalents like necklace and other jewelry for garnishing lady but the simplest way is the ladies chain. The ladies chains are made out of pure metals and having less complex designs than other jewelry. You will not see any type of stones directly fitted to the chains. Moreover, they are too flexible and comfortable to use. In most of the cases, it is less irritating than necklaces.

Despite being modest fashion accessories, ladies chains can bear pendants which can be turned to multiple designs and can posses stones of different shapes, colors and sizes. In some cases, you can find some complex chain designs which are rare and possesses a greater value. Nowadays, curb chains are popular in the market. It can also embrace multiple strands. Now the double strand designs are gaining popularity in the market.

You can see the ladies chain how thin it appears. It depends upon the metals used for manufacturing the same and doesn’t mean to be fragile. Platinum chains are very much popular for its excellent look and in most of the cases gold chains are preferred than other metals for its attractive looks. In case of low budget and most of the people having low income can opt for the silver chains. Sterling silver chains are having more popularity now a days.

The price of the chains depends upon many factors and the first thing which is most important is the materials used in producing the ladies chain. Now platinum chains are most expensive ladies chains, which have great demand in the market. After platinum, the gold ladies chains come further. The cost factor depends upon the purity of the material and weight is another most important factor in cost of the chain. The cost of the chain can vary according to the design and degree of art and skills used in manufacturing it. Now the designs of diamond cutting chain are more costly than the simple chain. The price of the chain also depends upon the pendants and stones used in it. The cost of the precious may vary a huge in some cases.

People with sensitive skin will turn up will allergic reaction or even have irritation, while they stick with regular use of ladies chains. In those cases they should avoid the use of those metal chains.

The hooks of the chains will sometimes be loosely locked. This might result in missing the precious chains, while traveling and dancing on the floor. Some hooks are too easy to break, which causes theft. Prior buying the ladies chains, it is absolutely essential to check and ensure their quality in order to avoid all endangers. Ladies chains look really inspiring when they are polished well and for this reason, most ladies keep their chain fresh with perfect polishing.

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Where can i get a decent case for a fliptop mobilephone than i can attach a chain to stop fall out my pocket?

is a sony ericsson z550i but sony don't do very good cases, well not on the eshop. I need to pop a chain on it as well to keep it in me pocket.
uk stores please, thankyou.

try the link shop in your area.

to stop the phone falling out of your pocket i suggest if the case has a catch on the back place that on the waste band of trousers. you can buy ribbons to hang a phone around you neck try using this to attach the phone to a belt loop as well. it is quite secure, i use this method. if you prefer a chain try jewellers for a watch chain.

In Mal's case, the souffle could rise twice
So Malcolm Turnbull wants us all to believe that he has changed his mind because of Kevin Rudd's ETS backdown. What twaddle. We all know that Senate obstructionism, principally orchestrated by the Liberals, is the real cause for Labor to park the ETS.

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