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Chrome Film
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In the tablet manufacturing process, efficiency and speed are key elements to production. The ability to manufacture high quality tablets rapidly depends largely on the quality and integrity of the tooling that is used in production - namely the integrity of the surfaces of tableting punches. The slightest imperfections in tableting punch cup surfaces can lead to production problems including sticking and picking.

What Causes Sticking and Picking?

Mechanical interlocking of formulation powders and slight surface imperfections in punch cup surfaces is responsible for the majority of sticking and picking that occurs in pharmaceutical tableting operations. Having a punch cup surface finish that is free of microscopic defects and resistant to degradation during operation will reduce this impact. For those sticking problems that are physiochemical in nature, precision coatings can also help block the chemical attraction forces that develop between the metallic punch cup surface and many active and excipient compounds.

How Does Sticking Impact Tablet Manufacturing and Production?

Roughened surfaces act to trap powders during compression. As sequential tablets are compressed, the cup face surfaces begin to film. As the film builds, the resultant sticking eventually becomes such an issue that production must be stopped to remove, clean, and polish the punch cup surfaces.

Can Tablet Manufacturers Eliminate Sticking?

Performance and precision coatings can be applied to tableting tooling to help reduce wear and corrosion on the cup faces of tableting punches, delaying or eliminating the onset of surface roughening during tablet production. However, the original surface smoothness of punch cup surfaces is also critical to the tablet manufacturing process. Certain coatings and coating processes can have a significant negative impact on the original surface finish. Therefore, it is important that manufacturers select a coating material and coating process that does not degrade the original finish of your cup face surface.

Conventional coating processes such as electroplating (chrome and nickel), and physical vapor deposition (PVD) inherently generate coatings with microscopic level rough surfaces. Cracks, pits and voids will form in coatings deposited by these processes. While small (some as small as a few microns), these surface defects can trap powders and lead to tablet sticking.

Other precision coating processes, such as the Ion Beam Enhanced Deposition (IBED) process, are able to precisely replicate the original surface finish of tableting tooling - while preserving the original surface finish and critical punch dimensions - and provide microscopic surface smoothness at a level that is unrivaled by conventional coating methods.

The IBED coating process can be used to apply a number of different precision coatings, producing results that are as smooth as the original punch face of tableting tooling. These coatings contain no surface defects, enabling tablet manufacturers to virtually eliminate mechanical powder entrapment and reducing physiochemical adhesion as a source of sticking problems, improving productivity and - most importantly - saving costs.

Dr. Deutchman is currently Chairman and Director of Research and Development at Beamalloy Technologies, LLC where he is directly involved with the research, development, and application of the Beamalloy patented IBED coating process. He is the author of numerous articles published in a variety of scientific and trade journals, holds numerous patents, and lectures widely on surface engineering.

Automobile Window Tinting

Reasons For Car Window Tinting

The top reasons many people purchase window tinting are:

1. Temperature control. With the proper auto window tinting, your car’s interior can be around 60% cooler during hot days.

2. Skin protection. Glass tinting can block about 99% of skin-damaging, cancer-causing UV rays.

3. Privacy. Window tinting can provide privacy for you and the items kept in your car.

4. Upholstery. Heat and harmful UV rays can cause seats to crack or fade and car window tinting acts as a barrier.

5. Accidents. Having auto window tinting can hold broken glass together. This will protect you from shattering glass that occurs from serious accidents.

6. Driving safety. Car window tinting can help reduce dangerous glares from headlights, snow or the sun.

Types of Car Window Tinting Film

All window-tinting film is made of polyester and has a thickness of 2 to 7 mils. To put it simply, your car window tinting consists of several thin layers of film. One side is coated with either a water-activated adhesive, or a pressure-sensitive adhesive. The other side is treated with a hard, scratch-resistant coating for protection. To filter out harmful UV radiation, chemical UV blockers are incorporated within the film. The differences between the films are due to the type of technologies that are applied.

The three main technologies applied to window tinting film are as follows:

1. Dye. Car tinting that contains dye, is basically film that absorbs heat and draws it away by external air movement.

2. Deposition. Auto window tinting film is drawn through a tank which contains metal ingots such as nickel-chrome, aluminum and copper. This produces a darker and more highly-mirrored glass tinting surface.

3. Sputtering. This is where the metal is dispersed at the atomic level. Sputtering allows you approximately 25 to 30 choices of metal, and the coating is much lighter.

There is a fourth type of film that contains both dyes and reflective metals. This type of car window tinting film is called hybrid film. Basically, when paired, you have a film that’s brighter and non-reflective.

How to Choose a Tinting Company

Tinting can range from $100 to $400 plus, so choosing a tinting company depends on what you’re looking for. Cheap tinting can be found just about anywhere. For nicer tint jobs visit places known for their credibility and customer service. After you have a list of window tinting providers, make sure you ask some questions before making a final decision.

First of all, find out how long they’ve been in business and whether or not they have other repair shops . A company that’s been in business for at least five years shows stability. More locations mean they are a successful car window tinting business.

Another question you might ask the company is whether or not you can visit the shop to see samples of their work. If they are agreeable to spending time with you, it shows that they care about their customers. If you find yourself being ignored, it’s almost a guarantee that you’ll be ignored should any problems arise with a tinting job they do for you.

While you’re there, check out a car that’s been tinted. Is the back window tinted with properly with a single piece of film? Is the film completely flush with all four edges of each side window? Does the tinting job look streaky? If a poor job was done on what you see, then it’s safe to assume yours will look the same.

Finally, you need to ask about the types of films they carry, as well as the warranty they offer. A good glass tinting shop should carry most, if not all options such as dyed, metallic and hybrid in a variety of colors and darkness.

When it comes to warranty, be sure that your tinting is legal. If it’s not, it will nullify the warranty. Not all auto window tinting companies offer a lifetime warranty, but it is possible to find ones that do.

In conclusion, window tinting can be very good for both you and your car. Take the time to find a good tinting company so you get the best job possible for a price you’re comfortable with.

For more auto articles , please visit MechanicAdvisor.com

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Is there anything that will remove mineral deposits left by tap water?

The water in my area is high in minerals, which leave deposits on my stainless steel sink and chrome taps. I have tried removing it with steel wool, but it doesn't do it. It also leaves a dull film on the marble in the shower.
Please don't give me a brand name product because I live in Mexico and it might not be available. A chemical formula would be more helpful.

Soak a towel in vinegar and leave it on the area affected for a few minutes then remove and scrub with steel wool. The vinegar will loosen the deposits and make it much easier to clean. The longer you leave it on the better.

How Iron Man got his groove back and new armor
The Invincible Iron Man No. 25, written by Fraction and drawn by Salvador Larroca, begins a whole new chapter in Tony's life, with new bad guys, new threats and a brand spankin' new suit of armor.

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