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Radio - The Discovery Of XX Century

Scientists scale Vladimir Kotelnikov can be counted on the fingers. It's not even rewards - twice Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of Lenin and two Stalin prizes, the holder of six orders of Lenin. And not in high positions: 18 years, he was vice president and first vice-president of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 7 years - Chairman of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR. The Academy of Sciences, he is already 50 years old! Work Kotelnikov steel base for radio physics, radio engineering, radio astronomy, electronics, computer science, cryptography. Not accidentally scientist awarded all highest international awards in these disciplines. September 6 Advisors to the Presidium of RAS Academician Vladimir Kotelnikov marks 95 years. Viktor Liventsev have something to remember what to think. But the main theme of his conversation with the columnist Sergei Leskov - the place of science in the modern world.

- Vladimir, you are, so to speak, hereditary scientist. My grandfather and father - a professor of mathematics at Kazan University. Why did you go in the radio? And in general, of research choices in younger years?

- In my youth, everyone was obsessed with aviation, and radio technology was mysterious, no one in it is not understood, and therefore it has become for me the attraction. By the way, the radio I first saw the white in Kazan. My first publication - a story about the radio in the school newspaper. Then I could not imagine that without the air at Radio has no future. Radio was and my family fortune: his future wife came to a lab assistant in my department.

- Which technological discoveries of the XX century most of all changed our lives?

- Radio, sure, life is influenced considerably stronger than air. With the radio began electronics, television, computer and all computers. Nothing is more important than the radio equipment over the past 100 years have occurred.

- One of the classics said: radio is already there, but still no luck. How to change the man himself all these technical innovations?

- Do you think I am, after the manner of old, begin to grumble that the young people, they say, spoiled? People became more aware, before-they only read the newspapers, but now can get first hand information. This is for people is very important. We were enthusiastic, young people are now seeking to make money. Everywhere there are pluses and minuses. What is more advantageous to society? From the perspective of the laws of informatics can say that in the era of the Iron Curtain channels of information were very narrowed, and this led the country to a standstill. One State to compete with the world is impossible. What life and confirmed.

- How is it started almost from scratch, caught up, science has created, in the economy to compete, and then everything collapsed?

- Too much money went to defense, it was impossible to withstand. The West has always been richer than us, and when they understand the importance of a problem, throwing money and overtook us. We have enough to compete only in military technology.

- You were in the Council of Chief Designers at the Queen. If the King had not died so suddenly, the space has overtaken America to us?

- Would be overtaken, although much we had to do first. And when the Queen, we would not have deterred leadership, just not enough money. Korolev has left a lot of intelligent designers, but is still on the moon, which flew over and photographed us, the Americans landed first.

- Can Russia to return to science in a leading position?

- To do this, raise the economy. While teachers' salaries delayed, it is impossible to talk about the big science. And the economy will rise, if the investments go to Russia. In Korea, some are, is profitable, but we have such conditions and a reputation that we are afraid. Even his own oligarchs are afraid to invest capital abroad. Not able to organize the economy of intelligence - lost science.

- That's what hurts me the question. The Bolsheviks were uneducated, universities does not end, but managed to lift the economy and science at the world level. When Gorbachev and Yeltsin government was set - one by one and all together - academics. But in the end everything had collapsed, including science. The paradox of some kind.

- What we have been for economists? I remember arguing: communication in the future will wither away, because it replaces the plan in a planned economy telegrams and letters are not needed. Too hurried our economists and philosophers. On what their learning was based? In quoting the classics, and criticized opponents. About the market economy, they could only sing, but could not build. When the building program began to appear happy capitalism for 300 and 500 days, serious scholars said: this is a bluff, for a time like this can only make some mistakes. What happened. At the head of incompetent armada was Gaidar, whom authoritative economists say: no experience, but self-confidence - the sea. No, this is not science has led us to disaster. This life is so ordered. Because it was life, divorced from all over the world.

- But you yourself, staying in high positions, they did not talk with the leadership?

- I'm about 15 years, ever since the Keldysh, headed the Academy of Sciences of the group of leading experts, which for each five-year plan drafted plans for scientific and technological development of the country. One hour or more reported the plan Gorbachev and Ryzhkov. They seemed to me sensible people. At the beginning of perestroika all went well, and I did not ask them any questions. A couple of years will surely be asked: why apparat stepped aside, why the party moved on to address the problems?

- Oh, just all tired of this party, including herself tired. By the way, you, the scientist who created the theorem, which refers to the whole world, not boring was 7 years old to sit as Speaker of the Supreme Council?

- First there was even curious: how and what is happening there? Then I realized: a simple affair. Speakers chose CC, draft speeches agreeing - not to control, as they say, but that did not overlap. This was probably the easiest thing in my life. Although the most prominent. Irony.

- You are regarded as the patriarch of cryptography, in your calculations, created the first nedeshifriruemye radiotelephone system. On your system supports connection at the time of the adoption of Germany's surrender. For those of you received two Stalin Prizes. Is it true that your laboratory is described by Solzhenitsyn in his novel The First Circle "?

- Laboratory of mine, but I do not want to work in the NKVD went into MEI. State Security Minister Abakumov called me, asked me to come back and headed the laboratory. Rector of Moscow Power Engineering Institute and the wife Malenkov - Golubtsova - managed to defend me. But Solzhenitsyn was not very correctly described the atmosphere in the laboratory. "Free" had to work more than the prisoners, and fed them a lot worse. Complicates the work and the situation of excessive secrecy. Closed and secret at all brought a lot of damage to our science.

- Vladimir, you have lived a very rich and multifaceted life. What brought you the greatest satisfaction?

- Of course, science classes. By the way, as outlined in the 1930's, Nyquist theorem, which is built the principle of operation of computers, television, communication systems, many years did not understand and did not print. After 15 years of the same theorem proved the famous Claude Shannon, who is considered the father of computer science, although he referred to my work. But 5 years ago, albeit with a huge delay, I'm in Germany was given the most honorable in our area Rhine Foundation Prize for the first and fundamental discovery. The desire for creativity, the desire to discover something new built into the mechanism of human thinking. It can be expressed differently. Even far from the creative people like to solve puzzles, crossword puzzles. But in science should have more capabilities, it is above all.

 

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