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Lens Filters
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The purpose of filters in a camera is fundamentally the same as filters in other tools: trapping dirt or large, undesirable particles. Camera filters, though, help to produce many desirable effects and enhanced looks in photographs.

Professional photographers usually have more than one filter packed together with their large lenses. Even for amateurs, it is helpful to have a few different filters on hand.

To be effective, a camera filter must be aligned with the lens. A transparent optical element is designed to modify the light that comes through the lens when the shutter opens. As a result, we see improved quality in pictures. Moreover, a filter can also protect the lens, particularly from salt air that with too much exposure would destroy it.

Both film and digital cameras use the same kind of filter; though digital have some other considerations. For example, digital cameras have a greater tendency to blow out highlights. As such, polarizers may be helpful to lessen contrast. Additionally, ordinary UV filters are no longer needed because digital cameras are ultraviolet light sensitive. And infrared filters are also easier to use.

Some Filter Types

There are many types of camera filters, each with their own set of purposes.

1. Ultraviolet (UV) filters absorb ultraviolet light. Ultraviolet is invisible light, and film cameras are more sensitive to it than digital cameras. At elevated locations, ultraviolet light is particularly dense; this density is due to the thin atmospheric layer.

UV light produces haze that can cause photo details to regress as the subject moves farther away. The viewing and focusing of images can also be difficult.

2. Infrared filters reduce visible light. When capturing aerial haze penetration and heat effects, infrared filters are helpful. This kind of filter absorbs visible light and transmits only the infrared light to the lens of the camera.

3. Natural density (ND) filters can be used to obtain proper exposure in high intensity lighted surroundings. It is also used to produce a specific opening of the lens for image sharpness and absorbs light evenly from the visible range. In effect, ND filters alter light exposure, even without changing the lens opening.

4. Polarized filters enhance contrast, reflection, and color control. Compared to other filters, they are built on different optical principles. In just one vibratory direction, a polarized filter allows light to pass through. This kind of filter can be aligned in many ways, giving the image more interesting effects.

Polarized filters are normally used for taking pictures outdoors because they enhance color saturation and contrast. They also create different colors. For example, a yellow bright light can be produced using a yellow polar filter.

Reflections from glass or water surfaces can also be controlled, or at least minimized, by polarizers. The recommended angle is 33 degrees from the surface to obtain an impressive result. This filter can make an object in the water appear to be outside of it simply by rotating the lens.

5. Optical filters allow different shots with different special effects. These filters can make a subject appear more alive.

Whether taking pictures is a hobby or a profession, filters are an important part of the photography arsenal to achieve impressive results. Filters can produce a very noticeable difference in pictures compared against those without any filtering.

For practical photography & camera information, please visit http://www.photography-and-cameras.com, a popular site providing great insights about photography training, camera types, and more.

Knowing your Different Camera filters

When I was a newbie I always wonder why a efficiently taken picture can give the impression of being so full of impact. I wanted to take a picture that have colors are bright or a sunset that almost feels humid, a sky that is so lucid and blue or even a portrait shot that look so mild and soft.

The secret behind this professionally taken picture is the smart use of the filters. A lens filter in film photography is attached to the front of a lens. The illumination of light passing to the camera is affected by the filter and these results to different effects in the ending image. The D-SLR cameras still uses physical filters and this allows for better manage of the effects of the filters.

If you are using a DSLR camera, here are few descriptions of some general photography filters that you can apply to generate exciting effects

If you are using a camera with threaded lens, a UV filter will be approximately necessary to keep on your camera all the time. It is a colorless filter and its function is to maintain the ultraviolet light and dropping the atmospheric haze to capture the images clearly.

Polarising filter gives you deep, rich and high contrast colors. The polarizing filter removes out the reflections by preventing light from a specific angle from passing through to the camera’s film. It enhances the image by deepening the colors and it’s also useful in shooting through surface of water and glasses which are reflective.

ND filters or natural density filters reduces the amount of light that passes the camera’s sensor without touching/affecting anything else such as color. This allows you to create special effects such as slow shutter speed.  The ND filter is useful if you want to balance the light approaching from the sky. With ND filter, it reduces the amount of light and slow shutter speed to create effects

Every now and then your films can appear dry on a cloudy day. Your camera may capture an image that can appear overwhelming. Warming filters help to add a little warmth for a more desirable effect. Sometimes strong warming filters can give that additional touch to a bright sunset.

Cooling filters is the opposite of warm filters and are less or frequently used by us photographers.  Cooling filters add saturation and impact to a boring sky. A Blue filter can give you a cool, cloudy morning feeling

The  Soft-Filter are less common filters which is great for portraiture, Intensifying Filter increases the individual color saturation and Infrared Filters increases the special effects of infrared energy to create strange light effects especially on green foliages

About the Author

Las Vegas PhotographerJasper Ferrer started his photography at the age of 19, He lives in Las Vegas and anywhere he goes, he brings his camera and start taking event pictures. Visit his blog at Las Vegas Photography for updates. Check out his Las Vegas Commercial Photography featuring food, architecture, advertising and trade-show portraits.

Why do we need UV Filters for camera lens?

As told in physics books, Glasses are opaque to UV rays.

Camera lenses are essentially made of glasses, which would anyway block the UV rays from reaching the sensors.

Then why do we need to use UV filters?

Many people use a skylight or UV filter to protect the front glass of the lens, but you can also buy high quality plano glass filters for that purpose. Whatever you do, at least buy a decent quality filter instead of trying to get off cheap.

Many people use a UV filter simply to protect the front element of their lens from damage. "UV filters absorb ultraviolet rays which often make outdoor photos hazy or indistinct." (from: http://www.thkphoto.com/products/hoya/gf-01.html )

We get this question often enough that I decided to upload a sample to Flickr showing the same subject taken with and without a UV filter. Download the image, cut a small section out of the top half and drag it to the same section in the bottom half and see what you think. The photos were taken about 15 seconds apart in subdued sunlight, so I think the lighting was virtually identical for each. There was no post-processing at all so you can make a fair comparison. I will not comment any further and let you decide for yourself if there is any color shift.

http://www.flickr.com/photos/7189769@N04/441244796/

The picture was taken with a Nikon D200 at ISO 100 with the Nikon 18-200 VR lens @ 112 mm at f/5.3.

Here's a comparison that I did by accident. Read the comments and you'll understand:

http://www.flickr.com/photos/samfeinstein/1793551691/

Buy a name brand like Hoya or Tiffen. Don't get cheap junk to put on the front of your fine lens. Personally, I am now switching over to plain high quality optical glass "filters" from Nikon for lens protection, even though they cost more than a good UV filter.

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