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Nikon Nikkormat
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New technology is omnipresent. The ongoing technology revolution is rapidly changing the cultural and social landscape of the world. Thirty years ago, choices were simpler. Take the example of cameras .35 mm cameras came in three basic models, specialized cameras like the Nikon "F" & F2, The Canon F1, and the Pentax LX, amateur level cameras like the Pentax Spotmatic, the Nikkormat "FT" series, and the Minolta SRT models, and finally the compact cameras that are called Point & Shoots today.

During the last thirty years camera technology has changed dramatically and digital cameras [digi cams] have essentially replaced traditional 35mm film cameras in popularity. Features like auto exposure, auto focus, auto flash, and program modes have made taking pictures simpler and provided photographers with options that people ever dreamed were possible.

One of the best things about digital photography is that you can see your picture right away. With just a few clicks of the mouse you can download, systematize, alter, and share all of your digital photos. Digital photography is used not only to take amusing pictures, but also by people in a lot of important professions: scientists, police, health care, lawyers, educators, and many others. Though this sounds easy, it has taken more than 150 years of dynamic technological change to bring the digital camera to its current status. It was only several years ago that Casio made the "QV-10" digital camera public. It offered a maximum resolution of only 320 x 240 pixels, had internal memory only (no memory cards) and did not have a built-in flash. Image quality was quite bad, but it did offer one of the first color LCD screens on a consumer digital camera at the time. But the price was a whopping $500.00! Still, a number of these units were sold. Kodak also offered a couple of models in the $1,000.00 range, as Sony introduced one of the first floppy disk "Mavica" camera, and Epson came out with the first "PhotoPC" for under $500.00. A year or so later, the first 1 to 1.3 mega pixel models were being introduced at the same price point, and this time, Olympus began to lead in terms of image quality and camera features. Sony was not far behind, with Kodak and Nikon picking speed. Casio and Epson seemed to have trailed during this early stage, keeping models few, though later on each would begin to crank out higher spec cameras.

Digital Cameras lets us see things we have never seen before. One of the biggest digital cameras, the Hubble Telescope has sent digital images from deep space since 1990. One image even showed a planet outside our solar system! But it's not just the big stuff that digital cameras help us see. It also lets us see the minutest things like microscopic particles. Explore the various options about how you could use digital photography. Would it be to take pictures of your baby once a week to chart its growth? Or would it be to start a science project? Digital photography lets you experience photos like never before.

When buying a digital camera, a few things should be kept in mind- Match mega pixels in accordance with use, look for rechargeable batteries and charger, get at least 3x optical zoom, consider investing in a memory card and try the camera before you buy it.

The best way to buy digital cameras is from online stores rather than the traditional mortar and brick shops. Here you will get a wide range of cameras for the lowest prices from the best stores around the world. Sites such as Amazon.com, Markways.com, Bestbuy.com, etc offer great value for money.

Nikon FA - china Optical Ethernet Switch - 16-channel optic video multiplexer

Features
The FA accepted all lenses with the Nikon F bayonet mount (introduced in 1959) supporting the Automatic Indexing-Shutter (AI-S) feature (introduced in 1981). The contemporary Nippon Kogaku made AI-S lenses were the Nikkor AI-S, and Nikon Series E types. The AF-S Nikkor, AF-I Nikkor, AF Nikkor D and AF Nikkor autofocus lenses are also AI-S types. They will work too - for manual focus only, of course.
The FA could also use the older Nikkor AI type lenses (introduced in 1977), but in that case, the AMP meter and the shutter priority and High Speed program autoexposure modes (see below) would not work as well as AIS lenses allowed (this is due to their non-linear aperture stop-down mechanisms).
Nikon's most recent 35 mm film SLR lenses, the AF Nikkor G type (introduced in 2000) lacking an aperture control ring; and the AF Nikkor DX type (2003) with image circles sized for Nikon's digital SLRs will mount, but will not function properly. IX Nikkor lenses (1996), for Nikon's Advanced Photo System (APS) film SLRs, must not be mounted, as their rear elements will intrude far enough into the mirror box to cause damage.
During the early 1980s, Nippon Kogaku manufactured approximately 70 manual focus Nikkor AI-S and Nikon Series E branded lenses. They ranged from a Fisheye-Nikkor 6 mm f/2.8 220 circular fisheye to a Reflex-Nikkor 2000 mm f/11 super telephoto. This was the largest and widest ranging lens selection in the world by far.
Major accessories for the FA included the Nikon MD-15 motor drive (automatic film advance up to 3.2 frames per second, plus power for the camera electronics), the Nikon MF-16 databack (sequential numbering, time or date stamping on the film), and the Nikon Speedlight SB-15 (guide number 82/25 (feet/meters) at ASA/ISO 100) and Nikon Speedlight SB-16B (guide number 105/32 (feet/meters) at ASA/ISO 100) electronic flashes. The FA can also utilize the Nikon MD-12 motor drive of the Nikon FM and Nikon FE series, but the unit will not provide power for the FA.
The Nikon FA was a mostly metal, heavily computerized version of the Nikon FE2. The FA was a battery powered (two S76 or A76, or one 1/3N) electromechanically (much electronics, but many springs, gears and levers) controlled manual focus SLR with manual exposure control or aperture priority, shutter priority and programmed autoexposure. The FA was Nippon Kogaku's first SLR to have shutter priority autoexposure and first to have all four of the now standard PASM exposure modes. The FA actually had two programmed modes: a normal mode and a High Speed mode that automatically biased toward faster shutter speeds whenever an AI-S compatible lens (including Series E) of 135 mm or longer focal length was mounted.
The FA's honeycomb titanium shutter blades.
Unlike the other compact F-series SLRs, the FA used plastic top and bottom plates: fiberglass reinforced polycarbonate for the black bodies, acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) for the chrome ones. The FA also used the ultra-fast, bearing-mounted, honeycomb-patterned, titanium-bladed shutter and through-the-lens (TTL) off-the-film (OTF) electronic flash automation of the FE2, but added a digital liquid crystal display (LCD) information panel at the top left of the viewfinder to indicate the readings of the built-in, open aperture, through-the-lens (TTL) light meter versus the actual camera settings. Depending on the set exposure mode, the LCD would display +/ over/underexposure markers, HI/LO out of metering range warnings, shutter speed and/or f-stop. Unfortunately, the LCD could not be illuminated in low ambient light situations. The FA also had a removable finger grip, similar to the one introduced on the Nikon FG, and an eyepiece blind. However, the FA's real claim to fame was the AMP meter.
AMP used a light meter with two segmented silicon photodiodes to divide the field of view into five segments: the center and the four outer quadrants. The readings of the various segments would be analyzed by a 4 bit microchip computer (with a 524 KHz central processing unit (CPU) and 8 KB of memory) programmed to look for exposure errors caused by unusually bright or dark luminance patches and automatically correct the exposure settings. Nippon Kogaku said that the program was written after the visual assessment of nearly 100,000 photographs. AMP was originally intended to be introduced in the Nikon FE2, but it was not ready for production in time.
As the first generation of matrix metering, AMP was hardly foolproof. For instance, holding the FA vertically instead of horizontally might cause the meter to give different readings of the same scene. However, AMP was still demonstrably superior to the centerweighted type of light metering then in common use. AMP would give a good exposure 90-95% of the time versus 85-90% for centerweighting. Note that AMP was automatically disabled in the FA's manual exposure mode and could be turned off in the autoexposure modes. In both cases, the FA would default to Nippon Kogaku's traditional 60/40% centerweighted metering. However, the FA omitted the autoexposure memory lock of the FE2 - AMP was supposed to obviate any need for it.
AMP was the most important advance in exposure control since built-in, through-the-lens (TTL) light meters were introduced by the Topcon Super D (in the USA/Canada; RE Super in the rest of the world) in 1963. Despite outcries from traditionalist photographers who knew how to correct their own metering exposure errors, the feature was quickly copied by all the major SLR manufacturers.
The FA (like the rest of the compact F-series) was built to Nippon Kogaku's traditional and unusually high (and expensive) standard of workmanship for amateur level SLRs. It used high strength alloy parts, hardened metal gearing, ball bearing joints and gold plated electrical switches; all made to precise tolerances and largely hand assembled, in an era when most other manufacturers switched to high-tech plastics, simplified modular construction and coarser tolerances to lower costs in the face of competitive pressure. As a result the Nikon FA could endure conditions that would cause virtually all other contemporary non-professional level SLRs to break down mechanically. A higher price was considered a fair trade for impressive durability. Design History
The 1970s and 1980s were an era of intense competition between the major SLR brands: Nikon, Canon, Minolta, Pentax and Olympus. Between circa 1975 to 1985, there was a dramatic shift away from heavy all-metal manual mechanical camera bodies to much more compact bodies with microprocessor electronic automation. In addition, because of rapid advances in electronics, the brands continually leap frogged each other with models having new or more automatic features.
After many years of conservative designs, the Nikon FA was intended to be Nippon Kogaku's technological blockbuster, surpassing such worthies as the Canon A-1 (released 1978) and the Olympus OM-4 (1983) then pummeling Nikon sales. Nikon Inc. (USA)'s brochure referred to it as "THE TECHNOCAMERA". The FA did have one very rare and conservative feature for an electronically controlled camera. Nippon Kogaku's philosophy that a camera must always work when called upon resulted in the FA's backup ability to operate without batteries - albeit in a very limited fashion: completely manual mechanical control with two shutter speeds (1/250th second, marked M250, or Bulb) and without the light meter.
The FA was initially in high demand, despite its very high price - selling at barely 10% lower than the professional level Nikon F3HP - because many Nikon owners were eagerly awaiting such a technology leader. Unfortunately, early production teething problems with all of the sophisticated electronics meant that Nippon Kogaku could not meet the demand. The FA picked up a reputation for unreliability (for a Nikon) and ultimately did not sell as well as hoped because, by the time production got rolling, its technology was eclipsed in the public's imagination by the advent of autofocusing SLRs - especially the landmark Minolta Maxxum 7000 in 1985. The FA also marked the end of the road for Nippon Kogaku's electromechanical cameras. All future Nikon camera development would emphasize the computerization of picture taking.
Time has proven the Nikon FA to be very mechanically tough. Unfortunately, the complexity of all of its electronics made the FA less reliable than the other, simpler Nikon compact F-series SLR models, although still better than multimode SLRs from competing brands. During the mid 1990s, it was fairly popular on the user-collectible market and commanded prices ($500 in pristine condition) higher than when it was new - almost as high as the very popular, but much lower featured Nikon FE2, making the FA a relative bargain. However, since spare parts to repair any failed electronics became unavailable around the year 2000, the FA has become much less desirable to user-collectors, with a concomitant and commensurate drop in prices. It is still regarded as one of the most fascinating SLRs of its generation. References
"Nikon MF/AF Bodies - Lens Compatibility" http://www.nikonlinks.com/unklbil/bodylens.htm retrieved 3 January 2006
Anonymous. Nikon FA Brochure. "Nikon FA. THE TECHNOCAMERA." Garden City, NY: Nikon Inc., 1983.
Anonymous. Nikon FA Advertisement. "Introducing a camera that has more in common with the human eye than with other cameras." pp 25-27. Modern Photography, Volume 47, Number 11; November 1983.
Anonymous. "Modern Photography's Annual Guide '84: 48 Top Cameras: Nikon FA" p 84. Modern Photography, Volume 47, Number 12; December 1983.
Anonymous. "Nikon FA: Multi-Mode Plus Auto Multi Pattern Metering" pp 66-71. Modern Photography's Photo Buying Guide '85. reprint from Modern Photography, March 1984.
Anonymous. Nikon SLRs (F3HP, FA, FE2, FM2, FG, FG-20) Advertisement. "Our lenses come with the world's most incredible back-up systems." pp 7-9. Modern Photography, Volume 48, Number 12; December 1984.
Anonymous. Nikon FA Advertisement. "We don't just help win awards for others, we also win them for ourselves." pp 2-3. Modern Photography, Volume 49, Number 3; March 1985.
Anonymous. "Modern's Inside Your Camera Series #37: Nikon FA" pp 50-51, 64, 90, 92, 98. Modern Photography, Volume 50, Number 6; June 1986.
Anonymous. KEH Camera Brokers catalogue, Sept 1996. Atlanta, GA: KEH Camera Brokers, 1996.
Comen, Paul. Magic Lantern Guides: Nikon Classic Cameras; F, FE, FE2, FA and Nikkormat F series. First Edition. Magic Lantern Guides. Rochester, NY: Silver Pixel Press, 1996. ISBN 1-883403-31-6
Keppler, Herbert. "Keppler's SLR Notebook: Nikon FA: Multi-mode SLR Can Correct Auto Exposure With On Board Computer" pp 58-59, 110, 112, 150. Modern Photography, Volume 47, Number 10; October 1983.
Massey, David and Bill Hansen. KEH.com catalogue Volume 6, 2006. Atlanta, GA: KEH.com, 2006.
Peterson, B. Moose. Magic Lantern Guides: Nikon Classic Cameras, Volume II; F2, FM, EM, FG, N2000 (F-301), N2020 (F-501), EL series. First Edition. Magic Lantern Guides. Rochester, NY: Silver Pixel Press, 1996. ISBN 1-883403-38-3
Schneider, Jason. "A Half Century of The World Greatest Cameras!" pp 56-59, 76, 124. Modern Photography, Volume 51, Number 9; September 1987.
Schneider, Jason. "SLR Notebook: Recent Casualties: Vanishing Breed of SLR?" pp 17-18. Modern Photography, Volume 52, Number 1; January 1988.
Schneider, Jason. "Great Buys In Used SLRs!!" pp 80-81, 130. Popular Photography, Volume 61, Number 11; November 1997.
Stafford, Simon and Rudi Hillebrand & Hans-Joachim Hauschild. The New Nikon Compendium: Cameras, Lenses & Accessories since 1917. 2004 Updated North American Edition. Asheville, NC: Lark Books, 2003. ISBN 1-57990-592-7 External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Nikon FA
Nikon FA Fanpage
Nikon FA photo from Nikon Corp (Japan) online archives
Nikon FA
Nikon FA articles from www.mir.com.my Photography in Malaysia
Nikon FA history page from Nikon Corp (Japan) online archives
best manual focus Nikon SLRs page from www.cameraquest.com/classics Stephen Gandy's CameraQuest Classic Camera Profiles
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Nikon 35mm Film SLR Cameras
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type of 35mm camera - nikkormat?

im trying to find out what exact type of camera i have. i know one time my dad wanted to find out how old it was, and he went on the nikon website and somehow found a camera index that listed every camera. neither one of us can find it now. i would really like to know what it is for my portfolio review incase i get asked. i dont want to look like an idiot. does anyone know where online i can find out?

the most information i can find on the camera is an "FT 4335233" on the top of the camera by the film reel and light meter.

According to my reference books, it is a Nikkormat FT made in 1965.

It has some nice features such as mirror lock up which removes shutter shake when taking pictures.

It uses a 1.35 mercury cell, but they don't make them any more, so you can use a Wein 1.35 Zinc/Air Cell which will replace it.

Nikon made some minor changes for the Nikkormat FTN, FT2 and FT3

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