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In photography, it is important to understand the relationship between ISO, aperture and shutter-speed to attain a correct exposure. In this article, I will concentrate on the latter two and how changing them affects your photographs.

The aperture is the circular opening inside the camera lens which controls the amount of light hitting the sensor. This will determine the amount of light allowed to hit the sensor of your camera. Needless to say the wider the aperture, the more light is allowed in the lens and vice versa.

It is important to understand that when using a wide aperture, the depth of field is reduced. This means that your subject in focus will be sharp rendering the foreground and background out of focus. A wide aperture is preferred when taking portraits or when under low light conditions.

A small aperture is largely welcomed for landscape photography where the whole scene needs to be in focus. We must note that narrower apertures give slower shutter speed and a sturdy tripod will be necessary to avoid blurring due to camera shake.

Shutter-Speed determines how long you want the light to hit the sensor. You may need a slower shutter speed under low light conditions and a fast one in bright daylight. Fast shutter speeds freeze movement while slow speeds blur it.

As mentioned, aperture and shutter speed work closely together to maintain a correct exposure. When using a large aperture, your shutter speed may be fast and thus freezing an action with shallow depth of field.

Also, you will need a narrow aperture to achieve a slow shutter speed to create motion blur or when taking waterfalls.

Now with this understating between the two important elements in photography, you will be able to create photographs you always desire. Most importantly, you will know what settings to have under different light conditions for a proper exposure.

Yong Sak is a passionate a Singapore Freelance Photographer who runs a Photography Portal, sharing important Basic Photography Fundamentals critical for new enthusiastic photographers.

Selecting The Shutter Speed - For Photographers And Photography

A fast enough shutter speed is essential to avoid a picture becoming blurred through camera shake, or because the subject itself was moving during exposure.

As well as helping to control overall exposure, shutter speed has an important role in portraying movement within a picture. The first thing that shutter speed can eliminate is the movement of the camera itself. However steadily you try to hold the camera with your hands, involuntary movements from your muscles mean that it is impossible to keep the image in the viewfinder completely still.

As a general rule, no camera set-up can be handheld without the risk of a blurred picture unless a shutter speed of faster than 1/30sec is used. But the problem with camera shake becomes more acute the longer the lens that you use - or the more you zoom into the subject. At higher magnifications, the slight movement of your body becomes more noticeable. The simple rule therefore is always to use the shutter speed that is the reciprocal of the focal length that you are using (or faster). For a 28mm lens setting you should use 1/30sec (the closest available speed to 1/28sec). For a 100mm you would use 1/125sec, for a 200mm 1/250sec, and for 300mm lens setting a minimum of 1/500sec.

Slower speeds can be used without the risk of camera shake, of course, if the camera is supported. A tripod should allow you the greatest range of shutter speeds - but slower speeds can be used by balancing the camera on a solid surface (such as a wall or car roof), or wedging your body tightly into a doorway. Some digital cameras and SLR lenses have image stabilisation systems that help reduce the effect of camera shake.

The movement of the subject itself should also be considered, as a faster than usual speed will generally be needed to capture the action crisply. The exact shutter speed needed will depend not only on the speed of the subject, but its distance from the camera, the focal length of the lens, and its direction of movement. The bigger the subject is in the frame, the more marked its movement will appear. Similarly, you will need a faster shutter speed if the subject is moving across the frame than if it is moving towards the camera.

Take it slowly after dark

When the light is low, there may be no alternative to using a much slower shutter speed than you could possibly use with a handheld camera. If a tripod is not available, you can stand a camera on a flat surface, such as the window ledge, and fire the camera using its self-timer to minimise vibration.

About the Author

For advice on Photography try
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I need a small, speed shutter, great zoom camera for cheap!?

i want a camera that has a very fast shutter and a great zoom
DIGITAL only i want it to be able to plug into the computer to get my pics on myspace and editing and my computer. thanks

There's an old expression - "good, fast and cheap, pick any two".

Most point and shoot digital cameras don't give you any control over shutter speed - they just set it automatically.

A digital SLR has all kinds of control, but they start at around $500 and only have a small zoom range with the standard lens.

You might see if you can pick up a used Canon Power G5. This has a lot of controls.

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